what:
ADAPTMENT
why:
Can cities adapt to climate change?
都市は気候変動に適応できるか。
Global warming is progressing at an unprecedented rate, and it has been predicted that by around 2100, average global temperatures will be 1.5℃ to 4℃ higher than current temperatures. Natural disasters caused by rapid climate change have also become more frequent around the world.
2100年頃には地球全体の平均気温が現在より1.5～4℃ほど高まるという予測が出されるなど、地球温暖化がかつてないほどの速度で進行し、急激な気候変動によって引き起こされる自然災害が世界各地で頻発しています。
Projected Temperature Increase (℃)
予想される気温の上昇（度）
A report issued at the World Economic Forum at Davos 2023 cited the failure to mitigate climate change as the greatest long-term risk to the global economy, while the failure to adapt to climate change is cited as the second greatest risk. There is thus an international consensus that there are two major strategies in addressing climate change: mitigation and adaptation.
Mitigation, which aims to prevent global warming, is very simple in its approach, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions or preserving and enhancing the absorptive capacity of forests and other areas.
On the other hand, adaptation involves approaches that are intertwined in diverse and complex ways with various issues such as disaster prevention, resource management, agriculture, poverty, food, and security. Owing to their complexity, adaptation measures have not gained as much traction as mitigation measures, and no clear vision has been developed on this front.
On the other hand, adaptation involves approaches that are intertwined in diverse and complex ways with various issues such as disaster prevention, resource management, agriculture, poverty, food, and security. Owing to their complexity, adaptation measures have not gained as much traction as mitigation measures, and no clear vision has been developed on this front.
2023年のダボス会議で出されたレポートにおいて、世界経済における長期リスクの第1位が気候変動の緩和への失敗、第2位が気候変動の適応への失敗とされているように、「緩和」と「適応」が気候変動に対する2大戦略として世界的に認識されています。
地球温暖化の防止を目的とした「緩和」は、温室効果ガスの排出抑制や森林等の吸収作用の保全・強化など対策が非常にシンプルです。
一方で、防災、資源管理、農業、貧困、食料、安全保障などさまざまな課題が複雑に絡み合う「適応」のアプローチは多岐にわたります。この複雑さゆえに適応策は緩和策ほど進んでおらず、明確なヴィジョンが打ち出されていません。
一方で、防災、資源管理、農業、貧困、食料、安全保障などさまざまな課題が複雑に絡み合う「適応」のアプローチは多岐にわたります。この複雑さゆえに適応策は緩和策ほど進んでおらず、明確なヴィジョンが打ち出されていません。
People being displaced by natural disasters: Displacement scale
自然災害によって住む場所を追われていく人々：移動した人の規模
Top 10 Risks: "Please estimate the likely impact (severity) of the following risks over a 10-year period."
グローバルリスクの重要度ランキング：以下のリスクについて、10年後に起こりうる影響（深刻さ）を推定してください
If the status quo is allowed to persist, it is highly likely that natural disasters that occur will cause as much or even greater damage than the 2013 typhoon that killed over 6,000 people in Tacloban, the Philippines, or the 2022 floods in Pakistan that inundated one-third of the country and affected more than 33 million people.
Cities are particularly vulnerable to the risk of natural disasters because of the large number of buildings and people who live and work there. As urbanization continues to accelerate to the point where approximately 70% of the global population will be living in urban areas by 2050, designing resilient cities that can survive the era of climate change will be a major mission for all of us.
Cities are particularly vulnerable to the risk of natural disasters because of the large number of buildings and people who live and work there. As urbanization continues to accelerate to the point where approximately 70% of the global population will be living in urban areas by 2050, designing resilient cities that can survive the era of climate change will be a major mission for all of us.
このままの状態が続けば、フィリピン・タクロバンを中心に計6000人を超える死者を出した2013年の巨大台風や、国土の1/3にが水没し、3,300万人以上が被災した2022年のパキスタン洪水と同等かそれ以上の被害をもたらす自然災害が発生してしまう可能性は高いと言えます。
特に、多くの建物が立ち並び人々が行き交う都市は、極めて自然災害のリスクが高い場所だと言えます。2050年までに世界人口のおよそ7割が都市部に暮らすことになると言われるほど都市化が進む中、気候変動時代を生き抜くレジリエントな都市を設計することは、私たち人類の大きなミッションとなっています。
特に、多くの建物が立ち並び人々が行き交う都市は、極めて自然災害のリスクが高い場所だと言えます。2050年までに世界人口のおよそ7割が都市部に暮らすことになると言われるほど都市化が進む中、気候変動時代を生き抜くレジリエントな都市を設計することは、私たち人類の大きなミッションとなっています。
how:
Learning the concept of climate change adaptation from the adaptive evolution of organisms.
生物進化から適応型都市のコンセプトを学ぶ。
Eisuke Tachikawa, Representative of NOSIGNER, has been exploring new approaches to creativity education through "Evolutional Creativity," a conceptual approach that seeks to unravel the mechanism of creativity based on the structure of biological evolution. At the same time, Tachikawa has been involved in design projects centered on the theme of urban resilience, including "Tokyo Bousai (Disaster Preparedness Tokyo)," the world's most extensive disaster prevention plan, and has proposed the "Civilization Skin" of adaptation that considers resilient urban structures based on the body structure acquired by living organisms through the process of adaptive evolution.
NOSIGNER代表の太刀川英輔は、生物進化の構造をもとに創造性のメカニズムを紐解く思考法「進化思考」を通じて、新しい創造性教育のあり方を探求してきました。同時に、世界最大規模の防災計画「東京防災」をはじめ、都市のレジリエンスをテーマとしたデザインプロジェクトに関わり続けてきた太刀川は、適応進化の過程で生物が獲得してきた身体の構造から、レジリエンスな都市の構造を考える「文明の皮膚」というモデルを提唱していました。
Based on these circumstances, NOSIGNER was commissioned by the Japan Ministry of the Environment in 2022 to undertake a project on climate change adaptation. We held a roundtable discussion, where we gathered experts from various fields such as climate change adaptation, animal ecology, sustainable development, disaster prevention, and ODA (Official Development Assistance). Tachikawa was tasked with compiling design strategies for climate change adaptation, and together with the roundtable team members, developed the ADAPTMENT concept to realize resilient urban development that adapts to climate change.
ADAPTMENT is a term that we coined by combining "adaptation" with "development" and "management." Behind this name was our team's desire to promote the positive transition from conventional urban development that prioritizes material and economic affluence to 21st-century urban development that is conscious of the concept of adaptation.
ADAPTMENT is a term that we coined by combining "adaptation" with "development" and "management." Behind this name was our team's desire to promote the positive transition from conventional urban development that prioritizes material and economic affluence to 21st-century urban development that is conscious of the concept of adaptation.
Until now, urban development has been carried out on the basis of administrative divisions set out by the government, but these are not effective units for creating cities that can adapt to climate change, a process that takes place in nature. Therefore, ADAPTMENT proposes that cities should be compared to living organisms and rethink urban development in terms of watersheds, an ecological unit. This is because a watershed is an aspect of the natural water system that spans from land to rivers and the sea and because natural disasters such as floods, droughts, and landslides, as well as natural damage like rocky-shore denudation, oak wilt disease, and loss of biodiversity, occur at the watershed level.
こうした経緯のもと、私たちは2022年に環境省の気候変動適応に関する事業を受託し、気候変動適応、動物生態学、持続可能な開発、防災、ODAなど様々な領域の専門家が集うラウンドテーブルを主宰しました。太刀川は気候変動適応のためのデザイン戦略を取りまとめる役割を担うことになり、ラウンドテーブルのメンバーとともに議論を重ねを重ね、気候変動に適応するレジリエントな都市開発を実現する思想「ADAPTMENT」を打ち出しました。
ADAPTMENTは、適応を意味する「ADAPTATION」と、開発を意味する「DEVELOPMENT」、調整を意味する「MANAGEMENT」を組み合わせた造語です。このネーミングの背景には、物質的・経済的豊かさを優先する従来の都市開発から、適応の概念を意識した21世紀型の都市開発へのポジティブな変化を促したいというチームの思いがありました。
ADAPTMENTは、適応を意味する「ADAPTATION」と、開発を意味する「DEVELOPMENT」、調整を意味する「MANAGEMENT」を組み合わせた造語です。このネーミングの背景には、物質的・経済的豊かさを優先する従来の都市開発から、適応の概念を意識した21世紀型の都市開発へのポジティブな変化を促したいというチームの思いがありました。
これまでの都市開発は、政府が定めた行政区分をもとに行われてきましたが、これらは自然が相手となる気候変動に適応する都市をつくる上では有効な単位だとは言えません。そこでADAPTMENTでは、都市をひとつの生命体にたとえ、都市開発を生態系の単位である流域圏で考え直すことを提唱しています。なぜなら、流域は陸から川、そして海へと至る水循環の単位であり、洪水・渇水・土砂崩れなどの自然災害や、磯焼け・ナラ枯れ・生物多様性の喪失などの自然界のダメージも流域単位で発生するからです。
Furthermore, ADAPTMENT looks to the physical structure and behavioral principles of living organisms to model climate change adaptation measures in easily understandable ways. This is because we believe in the importance of learning from the resilient mechanisms found in the bodies and behaviors of organisms that have evolved to adapt to environmental change, especially now that our cities are exposed to major shifts such as climate change.
In ADAPTMENT, the two perspectives of adaptive evolution of the body and adaptive evolution of behavior in living organisms are likened to the urban environment as "hardware" and "software," respectively.
さらに、気候変動適応策を誰もが理解できるものとして構造化するために、生物の身体構造と行動原理を参照しました。都市が気候変動という大きな変化にさらされている現在こそ、環境の変化に適応するように進化した生物の身体や行動が持つレジリエントなメカニズムに学ぶことが大切だと考えたからです。
ADAPTMENTでは、生物における身体の適応進化と行動の適応進化という2つの観点を、ハードウェアとしての都市環境、ハードウェアとしての都市環境に置き換えて考えます。
In terms of the urban environment as hardware, such as in architecture and civil engineering, that serves to protect our lives, ADAPTMENT looks to the body structure of living organisms to prevent damage. Specifically, we consider the structure of a flexible city that adapts to its environment based on the keywords of perceptivity, redundancy, flexibility, cyclicity, robustness, and recoverability, to advocate development that is not only robust but also soft, flexible, and resilient.
都市や生活を守る建築や土木などハードウェアとしての都市環境においては、ダメージを防ぐための生物の身体構造を参照。知覚性、冗長性、弾力性、循環性、頑強性、回復性というキーワードから環境に適応する柔軟な都市の構造を考え、頑強なだけではなく、柔らかく、しなやかな回復性を備えた開発を提唱しています。
On the other hand, in terms of the urban environment as software, such as in civic behavior, culture, and communal life, ADAPTMENT focuses on the adaptive behavior of living organisms. By learning from features found in the adaptive behavior of living organisms, such as observability, memorability, predictability, mobility, and cooperativity, we consider the development of civic disaster management action plans with the aim of fostering communities built on more flexible and resilient relationships.
一方、市民の行動や文化、コミュニティなど、ソフトウェアとしての都市環境においては、生物の適応的な行動に着目しました。観察性、記憶性、予測性、移動性、協力性という生物の適応的な行動に見られる特徴に学び、より柔軟でレジリエントな関係性に満ちた地域を目指して、市民の防災行動計画の開発を考えます。
The concept of ADAPTMENT, which considers how adaptive cities can be developed based on the adaptive evolution of living organisms, has been disseminated worldwide through its website along with specific adaptation measures currently being implemented, particularly in Japan.
生物の適応進化から適応型都市のあり方を学ぶ「ADAPTMENT」のコンセプトは、日本国内を中心に実施されている具体的な適応策とともに、Webサイトを通じて全世界に発信されました。
will:
Towards urban development that can coexist with ecosystems.
生態系と共生できる都市開発へ。
The concept of ADAPTMENT was presented at a joint seminar at the Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia's top university, in the presence of the leaders of West Java, a province with a population of 50 million people. ADAPTMENT has been incorporated into the basic concept of a new graduate school that will be established at the Bandung Institute of Technology and is currently also being considered as a concept for guiding regional urban development in Indonesia. In addition, ADAPTMENT was presented at a seminar on disaster prevention held in Tacloban, the Philippines, 10 years after the 2013 typhoon. The idea garnered a tremendous response from many parts of the country, and it will be considered for incorporation into urban development in the Philippines.
Nevertheless, ADAPTMENT-related activities have only just begun. Moving forward, we hope to expand this movement together with various experts from around the world by presenting the concept at international conferences and other forums while supporting the proactive actions of those who possess technologies that can serve as tools for a new form of development that is adapted to climate change.
We hope that ADAPTMENT will serve as a model case and a source of inspiration for building a new relationship between humans and nature in the era of climate change, and we will continue to pursue activities with the goal of ushering in a future where sustainable development is embraced throughout the world.
ADAPTMENTのコンセプトは、インドネシアの最高学府であるバンドン工科大学の共同セミナーにおいて、人口5000万人を抱える西ジャワ州の首長ら同席のもとで発表されました。これを受け、同大学に新たに設置される大学院の基本的な構想に組み込まれると同時に、インドネシアの地方都市開発におけるコンセプトとして導入する検討も進められています。また、2013年の巨大台風から10年が経ったフィリピン・タクロバンで行われた防災セミナーにおいても発表され、同国の都市開発への導入が検討されるなど、各地で大きな反響を得ることができました。
しかし、ADAPTMENTの活動はまだ始まったばかりです。今後は国際学会などでの発信を通して世界中のさまざまな専門家たちとともにこの運動を広げていくとともに、気候変動に適応する新たな開発のツールとなる技術などを持つ方々の積極的なアクションをサポートしていきたいと考えています。
ADAPTMENTが、気候変動時代に新しい人と自然の関係を築くためのモデルケースやインスピレーションソースとなり、持続可能な開発が世界中に広がっていく未来が訪れることを願い、これからも活動を続けていきます。
ADAPTMENTが、気候変動時代に新しい人と自然の関係を築くためのモデルケースやインスピレーションソースとなり、持続可能な開発が世界中に広がっていく未来が訪れることを願い、これからも活動を続けていきます。
what:
Art Direction
NOSIGNER (Eisuke Tachikawa)
Graphic Design
NOSIGNER (Eisuke Tachikawa, Ryo Fukusawa, Noémie Kawakita, Aya Sakurai)
Web Design
NOSIGNER (Eisuke Tachikawa, Ryo Fukusawa, Noémie Kawakita)
Development
DAWN Inc.
Graphic Design
NOSIGNER (Eisuke Tachikawa, Ryo Fukusawa, Noémie Kawakita, Aya Sakurai)
Web Design
NOSIGNER (Eisuke Tachikawa, Ryo Fukusawa, Noémie Kawakita)
Development
DAWN Inc.
Project Founder / Concept Creation
Eisuke Tachikawa
Project Management
NOSIGNER (Eisuke Tachikawa, Kosuke Matsushima, Kentaro Yasuda)
Editor
NOSIGNER (Eisuke Tachikawa, Yuki Harada, Miku Nomura)
Eisuke Tachikawa
Project Management
NOSIGNER (Eisuke Tachikawa, Kosuke Matsushima, Kentaro Yasuda)
Editor
NOSIGNER (Eisuke Tachikawa, Yuki Harada, Miku Nomura)
Concept Director of ADAPTMENT Round Table
Eisuke Tachikawa (NOSIGNER, JIDA)
Members of ADAPTMENT Round Table
Akane Matsuo (Policy Researcher, the Adaptation and Water Unit of IGES)
Azby Brown (Main researcher, SAFECAST)
Hiroyuki Matsuda (Emeritus Professor, Yokohama National University)
Katsue Fukamachi (Associate Professor, Kyoto University Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies)
Mitsuhiro Maeda (Professor, Advanced Institute of Industrial Technology)
Mitsutaku Makino (Professor, Center for International Collaboration, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, the University of Tokyo)
Nagisa Shiiba (Policy Researcher, the Adaptation and Water Unit of IGES)
Osamu Murao (Professor, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University)
Tadayuki Sato (Representative Director, Phase Free Association)
Tokutaro Nakai (Adviser, Nippon Steel Corporation)
Yuki Yoshida (Researcher, Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies)
Client
Ministry of the Environment, Government of Japan
Eisuke Tachikawa (NOSIGNER, JIDA)
Members of ADAPTMENT Round Table
Akane Matsuo (Policy Researcher, the Adaptation and Water Unit of IGES)
Azby Brown (Main researcher, SAFECAST)
Hiroyuki Matsuda (Emeritus Professor, Yokohama National University)
Katsue Fukamachi (Associate Professor, Kyoto University Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies)
Mitsuhiro Maeda (Professor, Advanced Institute of Industrial Technology)
Mitsutaku Makino (Professor, Center for International Collaboration, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, the University of Tokyo)
Nagisa Shiiba (Policy Researcher, the Adaptation and Water Unit of IGES)
Osamu Murao (Professor, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University)
Tadayuki Sato (Representative Director, Phase Free Association)
Tokutaro Nakai (Adviser, Nippon Steel Corporation)
Yuki Yoshida (Researcher, Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies)
Client
Ministry of the Environment, Government of Japan
where:
Japan
when:
2023
Award:
Red Dot Award Brands & Communication Design (2023)
Related projects:
TOKYO BOUSAI
TOKYO BOUSAI
