PROJECT
ADAPTMENT
Dabarun zanen birni da aka yi bisa tsarin juyin halitta na dabi'a. Tare da haɗin gwiwar ƙwararru da gwamnati, canza ilimi da ci gaban birni a fadin Asiya don dacewa da canjin yanayi.
HOW
Koyon Tsarin Daidaitawa da Canjin Yanayi
daga Juyin Halittar Halittun da suke raye.
Eisuke Tachikawa, wakilin NOSIGNER, ya kasance yana binciken sabbin hanyoyin koyar da kirkire-kirkire ta hanyar tunanin "Evolutional Creativity," wanda ke buɗe hanyoyin kirkire-kirkire bisa tsarin juyin halitta na halittu. A lokaci guda, ya kasance yana shiga cikin ayyukan zane-zane da suka mayar da hankali kan juriyar birane, gami da babban shirin kariya daga bala'i a duniya, "Tokyo Bousai (Disaster Preparedness Tokyo).
Bisa wannan yanayin, a shekara ta 2022, mun shirya taron tattaunawa kan matakan daidaitawa da canjin yanayi tare da tallafin Ma'aikatar Muhalli ta Japan. Mun tattauna dalla-dalla akan matakan daidaitawa tare da masana a fannoni daban-daban, kamar kimiyyar muhalli, ilimin dabbobi, ci gaba mai dorewa, kariya daga bala'i, da ODA. Ta wannan taron, Tachikawa ya tattara dabarun zane don daidaitawa da canjin yanayi kuma ya ba da shawarar falsafar "ADAPTMENT," wadda ke tsara matakan daidaitawa kuma tana nufin gano ci gaban birane masu juriya.
ADAPTMENT yana ɗaukar birni a matsayin halitta mai rai kuma yana koyon dabarun ci gaban birane don daidaitawa da canjin yanayi daga juyin halitta na halittu. Yana tsara tsarin ci gaban birni akan ma'auni uku: babban tsari a matsayin daidaitawa da tsarin halittu na ruwa, kayan aiki a matsayin juyin halitta na jiki, da software a matsayin juyin halitta na halaye.
ADAPTMENT kalma ce da aka haɗa ta haɗa "ADAPTATION," "DEVELOPMENT," da "MANAGEMENT." A ci gaban birane na yanzu a ƙasashen da ke tasowa, yawanci ana neman ci gaban birni na gargajiya wanda ya fi son dukiya da arzikin tattalin arziki fiye da matakan daidaitawa da canjin yanayi. Don haka, muna nufin sake sanya matakan daidaitawa a matsayin mafi kyawun hanyar ci gaban birni, bisa falsafar ADAPTMENT.
A cikin ADAPTMENT, ana sake tunanin ci gaban birni ta hanyar manyan tsare-tsare bisa raka'a na ruwa, wadanda kuma raka'a ne na tsarin halittu da kariya daga bala'i. Yanki na ruwa shine yankin ƙasa da aka raba da bakin ruwa inda ruwa ke gudana lokacin da aka yi ruwan sama. Shi ma raka'a ne na zagayowar ruwa, daga ƙasa zuwa koguna zuwa teku, da raka'a na wurin zama ga halittu a cikin tsarin halittu. Duk da bala'o'in yanayi, kamar ambaliya, fari, da zaizayar ƙasa, da lalacewar muhalli, kamar zaizayar bakin teku, mutuwar bishiyoyi, da asarar bambancin halittu, da ke faruwa a matakin yanki na ruwa, wannan raka'a galibi ana yi watsi da shi a ci gaban birni na yanzu. A wannan aikin, mun kafa hanyar fitar da taswirorin yanki na ruwa a ko'ina a duniya ta amfani da bayanan GIS 3D, wanda za a iya amfani da shi ga manyan tsare-tsare a birane daban-daban.
VOICE
'Yan adam, a tushensu, halittu ne waɗanda ke ci gaba da gina birane. Daidaitawar mu ga makomar halittun duniya—fuskantar matsalolin dumamar duniya da asarar halittu masu rai-rai da ke ƙaruwa—ba za ta zo ta hanyar ƙin birane ba. Maimakon haka, za ta zo ta hanyar ƙirawa, haɓakawa, da gudanar da birane da kansu waɗanda ke daidaita ga waɗannan matsalolin.
Shi ya sa bai kamata daidaitawa ta kasance a ƙarƙashin tsohon tunanin Daidaitawa kaɗai ba. Abin da muke buƙatar da gaske shine Adaptament—manufa wacce ta haɗa Daidaitawa, Ci gaba, da Gudanarwa.
Mabuɗin aiwatar da irin wannan daidaitawa mai duban gaba—daidaitawa wacce ta kai daga gaskiyar mu ta yanzu zuwa duniya da dukan halittun duniya—ta fara daidai a ƙafafunmu, a cikin ruwan kogin yau da kullun da muke rayuwa a ciki. Mayar da hankali na Adaptament yana kwance a sabon salon tunani na Anthropocene: tunanin kogin ruwa.
Wakilin Hanyar Sadarwa ta Yankin Kogin Tsurumi (TR Net)/
Farfesa Emeritus a Jami'ar Keio
Kishi Yuji
Akwai matakan daidaitawa da sauyin yanayi daban-daban da aka karɓa a cikin birane. Dukkan matakan da suka shafi juriya ana iya ɗaukar su matakan daidaitawa. Saboda haka, muna buƙatar tsarawa juriya. A cikin ADAPTMENT, muna danganta "kayan aikin" birni (gine-gine da injiniyar jama'a, da sauransu) da "juyin halittar jikin halittu" da kuma "software" na birni (halayen 'yan ƙasa da al'ummomi, da sauransu) da "juyin halayen halittu," inda muke tsara daidaitawar sauyin yanayi ta hanyar da kowa zai iya fahimta, ta amfani da kwatancen juyin halittar halittu na halitta.
Don tsammanin tsarin kayan aikin birni masu dacewa, kamar gine-gine da injiniyan farar hanya da ke kare birane da rayuwa, mun yi amfani da tsarin jikin halittu da suka samu sakamakon dacewa kuma mun fitar da kaddarori guda shida. Muna ba da shawarar ci gaba wanda ba kawai mai ƙarfi ba ne har ma mai laushi da sassauci tare da iyawar murmurewa, ta hanyar dogaro da tsarin jikin "jin daɗi⇔jijiyoyi," "murmurewa⇔ƙwayoyin cuta," "yawan abubuwa⇔kitse," "elasticity⇔tsokoki," "aikin jini⇔tasoshin jini," da "ƙarfi⇔ƙasusuwa." Wannan samfurin ya dogara ne akan samfurin "Fatar Wayewa," wanda Tachikawa ya ba da shawara kafin aikin ADAPTMENT, yana la'akari da tsarin birane masu juriya daga tsarin jikin da aka samu ta hanyar ci gaban dacewa.
Don tsammanin tsarin software na birni masu dacewa, kamar halayen 'yan ƙasa, al'ada, da al'umma, mun mai da hankali kan halaye daban-daban da halittu suka samu don kare kansu kuma mun fitar da kaddarori guda shida. Koyo daga halaye masu dacewa kamar "gani," "ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya," "hasashe," "motsi," da "haɗin gwiwa," muna neman haɓaka matakan da za su ba wa 'yan ƙasa damar ɗaukar matakan rigakafin bala'i masu aminci, waɗanda ke haɓaka yankuna cike da dangantaka masu sassauci da juriya.
Ra'ayin "ADAPTMENT," koyon daidaitawar sauyin yanayi na birni daga juyin halittar rayayyun halittu, yana yaduwa a duk duniya ta hanyar gidajen yanar gizo da lacoci a kasashe daban-daban, tare da aiwatar da takamaiman matakan daidaitawa musamman a Japan.
WHY
Shin birane za su iya daidaitawa da sauyin yanayi?
An yi hasashen cewa matsakaicin yanayin duniya zai tashi kusan digiri 1.5 zuwa 4 na Celcius kafin shekara ta 2100. Bugu da kari, dumamar duniya na ci gaba da sauri da ba a taba gani ba, wanda ke haifar da yawan bala'o'i na halitta sakamakon saurin canjin yanayi a duk duniya.
Hasashen Karuwar Zafin Jiki (℃)
Rahoto daga taron shekara na Dandalin Tattalin Arzikin Duniya 2023 da aka yi a Davos ya gano cewa hadari mafi girma na dogon lokaci ga tattalin arzikin duniya shi ne gazawar rage da daidaitawa da sauyin yanayi. Wannan ya nuna cewa "rage" da "daidaitawa" an san su a duk duniya a matsayin manyan dabarun biyu na yaki da sauyin yanayi. Ana ba da hankali mai yawa ga dabarun "daidaitawa" saboda yana da kalubale mafi rikitarwa fiye da ragewa.
"Rage" sauyin yanayi ya kunshi matakai masu saukakawa kamar rage fitar gas mai haifar da duhuwar yanayi da kuma sha CO2 ta hanyar dazuzzuka. Sabanin haka, dabarun daidaitawa suna da bangarori da yawa, suna magance batutuwa masu dangantaka da juna kamar rigakafin bala'i, sarrafa albarkatu, noma, talauci, tsaron abinci, da tsaro. Saboda wannan sarkakiya, matakan daidaitawa ba su ci gaba sosai kamar matakan ragewa ba, kuma har yanzu ba a kafa kyakkyawar hangen nesa ba.
Mutane da ake raba su saboda bala'o'in yanayi: Ma'aunin raba mutane
Haɗari 10 Na Sama: "Da fatan za a kimanta tasirin da ake tsammanin (tsanani) na waɗannan haɗari a tsawon shekaru 2 da shekaru 10."
Duk da haka, daidaitawa da sauyin yanayi muhimmiyar manufa ce ga ɗan adam. Babban guguwar da ta faru a Philippines a shekarar 2013 ta yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane sama da 6,000, kuma ambaliyar ruwa a Pakistan a shekarar 2022 ta nutsar da kashi ɗaya cikin uku na ƙasar kuma ta shafi mutane sama da miliyan 33. Irin waɗannan bala'o'in yanayi suna nuna muhimmancin daidaitawa.
Yankunan birane, inda mutane da yawa ke zaune, ba kawai suna cikin babban haɗari na bala'o'in yanayi ba amma kuma suna gabatar da ƙalubale don daidaitawa saboda yanayin ci gaban birni da kansa. Tare da tsammanin cewa ci gaban birni zai haifar da kusan kashi 70% na yawan jama'ar duniya su zauna a yankunan birane nan da 2050, ƙirƙirar biranen da za su iya jure sauyin yanayi ya zama babbar manufa ga ɗan adam.
WILL
Zuwa ci gaban birane da za su iya rayuwa tare da tsarin halittu.
Ra'ayin ADAPTMENT ya fara samun hankali a kasashe da yawa a matsayin sabuwar hanya ga matakan daidaitawa da sauyin yanayi. A Cibiyar Fasaha ta Bandung, babbar jami'ar Indonesiya, ana shirye-shiryen kafa dakin bincike mai suna ADAPTMENT LAB. Za a shigar da wannan dakin bincike a cikin tsarin asali na sabuwar makarantar digiri ta biyu da aka kafa a jami'ar, kuma ana tattaunawa kan shigar da wannan ra'ayin zuwa ci gaban birane na yanki a birane kamar Labuan Bajo da Bandung.
A birnin Tacloban na Philippines inda babban guguwa a tarihi ya bugi a shekarar 2013, ya jawo mutuwar mutane kusan 10,000, kuma yanzu hadin kai da Jami'ar Jihar Gabas ta Visayas na gida yana ci gaba. A taron karawa juna sani kan rigakafin bala'i da aka gudanar don tunawa da cikakken shekara 10 na bala'in, an gabatar da ra'ayin ADAPTMENT, wanda ya haifar da babban sha'awa da la'akari don hadewa da ci gaban birane na kasar.
Bugu da kari, a taron "Tsarin Aminci" da kungiyar Korean Society of Spatial Design ta shirya, an samu damar isar da falsafar ADAPTMENT. An kuma zabi Eisuke Tachikawa a matsayin shugaban girmama na farko daga Japan. An gabatar da ra'ayin ADAPTMENT a tarukan kasa da kasa masu alakar da dorewa kamar SRI, Babban Taron Zane na Duniya Tokyo 2023, da kuma Babban Taron Sabbin Ra'ayoyi na Zamantakewa na Asiya-Pacific a Taiwan, yana samun magoya baya sannu a hankali.
Ayyukan ADAPTMENT sun fara ne kawai. Gaba da nan, muna nufin fadadawa wannan motsi a duniya, mu yi aiki tare da kwararru daga ko'ina a duniya don samar da biranen da suka daidaita da yanayi. Muna kuma neman karfafa ayyukan da suke da fasahohi da kayan aiki don sabbin ci gaba da suka daidaita da sauyin yanayi.
Muna fatan ADAPTMENT zai zama misali da tushen kwarin gwiwa don gina sabuwar dangantaka tsakanin mutane da yanayi a zamanin sauyin yanayi, wanda zai kai ga yaduwar ci gaba mai dorewa a duniya. Za mu ci gaba da kokarin mu don cimma wannan hangen nesa.
INFORMATION
- What
- ADAPTMENT
- When
- 2023
- Where
- Japan
- Client
- Scope
- Branding / Logo / Naming / Web / Edition / Concept Creation
- Award
- Red Dot Award Brands & Communication Design (2023)
- DFA Design for Asia Awards Merit Award (2024)
- SDGs
CREDIT
- Art Direction
- NOSIGNER (Eisuke Tachikawa)
- Graphic Design
- NOSIGNER (Eisuke Tachikawa, Ryo Fukusawa, Noemie Kawakita, Aya Sakurai)
- Web Design
- NOSIGNER (Eisuke Tachikawa, Ryo Fukusawa, Noemie Kawakita)
- Development
- Project Founder / Concept Creation
- Eisuke Tachikawa
- Project Management
- NOSIGNER (Eisuke Tachikawa, Kosuke Matsushima, Kentaro Yasuda)
- Editor
- NOSIGNER (Eisuke Tachikawa, Yuki Harada, Miku Nomura)
- Concept Director of ADAPTMENT Round Table
- Eisuke Tachikawa (NOSIGNER, JIDA)
- Members of ADAPTMENT Round Table
- Akane Matsuo (Policy Researcher, the Adaptation and Water Unit of IGES)
Azby Brown (Main researcher, SAFECAST)
Hiroyuki Matsuda (Emeritus Professor, Yokohama National University)
Katsue Fukamachi (Associate Professor, Kyoto University Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies)
Mitsuhiro Maeda (Professor, Advanced Institute of Industrial Technology)
Mitsutaku Makino (Professor, Center for International Collaboration, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, the University of Tokyo)
Nagisa Shiiba (Policy Researcher, the Adaptation and Water Unit of IGES)
Osamu Murao (Professor, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University)
Tadayuki Sato (Representative Director, Phase Free Association)
Tokutaro Nakai (Adviser, Nippon Steel Corporation)
Yuki Yoshida (Researcher, Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies)
